Overview

Here we review sex differences in cardiometabolic risk factors, associated preclinical and clinical cardiac disorders and potential therapeutic avenues.

In a 2 × 2 crossover randomized controlled feeding trial, 55 adults in England (body mass index ≥25 to <40 kg m−2, habitual UPF intake ≥50% kcal day−1) were provided with two 8-week ad libitum diets following the UK Eatwell Guide: (1) minimally processed food (MPF) and (2) UPF, in a random order.

A joint symposium, organized by the Korean Society of CardioMetabolic Syndrome (KSCMS) and the Japanese Society of Hypertension (JSH), took place on the evening of May 23. Co-chaired by Prof. Kwang Kon Koh and Prof. Shin-ichiro Miura, the symposium featured four speakers and adopted an innovative format that included four dedicated discussants. Prof. Seung Hwan Han, president of KSCMS, was also present.

This Review examines the current state of precision nutrition research, with a focus on its application to reducing the incidence and burden of cardiometabolic diseases.

This Review synthesizes epidemiological data, risk factors and biomarkers to provide an overview of how metabolic diseases are reshaping public health in East Asia and offers insights into biological and societal drivers to guide effective, region-specific strategies.

We propose that two key conditions within the CMDs spectrum—heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)—are likely to play a substantial role in shaping cardiometabolic research and healthcare priorities in the near future.

With such a high burden of mortality, it is imperative that countries embrace innovative approaches to control the rising burden and strengthen health systems, in order to reduce the preventable mortality from these diseases.